Keying Structures Compared
More levels add convenience, but each level up also opens more cylinders if that key goes missing. Pick the simplest structure that fits how the building is used.
| Structure | How it works | Good fit | If the top key is lost |
| Keyed different | Each lock has its own key | A few doors, few people | Only that one lock is exposed |
| Keyed alike | Several locks share one key | Exterior doors of a small shop | Every door on that key |
| Two-level master | Change keys plus one master | One office, clinic, or apartment building | Every cylinder in the building |
| Grand master | Several master groups under one top key | Multi-floor offices, churches, multi-building sites | Every cylinder in every group |
Each master pin also adds another way for a pin stack to line up, so more key combinations will turn the cylinder and a skilled attacker has more to work with. That is why top-level keys belong on a restricted or high-security keyway and in as few hands as possible.
For reference, BHMA publishes ANSI/BHMA A156.28, recommended practices covering design criteria for secure keying systems and good key management.
Source: BHMA Hardware Highlights, A156.28-2023.